Richard Rogers, Chief Lobbyist and IFC Board Member, prepared this and would like to share it with the community for their consideration. Thank you, Richard, for taking the time to prepare it.

A Guide for Young Adults and Parents to Iowa’s New Handgun Laws for 18- to 20-Year-Olds

On July 1, 2025, Iowa’s House File 924 will lower the minimum age for acquiring and carrying a handgun and obtaining a Nonprofessional Permit to Carry Weapons from 21 to 18. This change will finally allow Iowa’s young adults to fully exercise their Second Amendment rights, but those rights also bring responsibilities that must be recognized and understood. If you are an 18- to 20-year-old, or the parent of one, who is considering owning a handgun or carrying one, here’s some of what you need to know about state and federal weapons laws, firearm safety training, and maintaining shooting skills.

Legal Constraints on Acquiring a Handgun

While HF924 allows Iowans as young as 18 to acquire a handgun under state law, federal law still prohibits federal firearms licensees (FFls, i.e., gun dealers) from transferring handguns to anyone under 21. This means a young adult cannot purchase a handgun directly from a licensed dealer until they turn 21. However, they can legally acquire a handgun through private sales, inheritance, or gifts or a loan, such as from a family member or friend (provided the seller is not an FFL). At 18, they can also apply for a Nonprofessional Permit to Carry Weapons (PCW). A PCW facilitates private sales of firearms, by providing evidence of having passed an FBI criminal background check.

An applicant for a carry permit must pass a background check and present evidence of having completed a state-approved firearms safety training course. Be aware that certain disqualifiers, such as felony convictions, misdemeanor domestic violence convictions, possession of controlled substances, or recent serious misdemeanors, will prohibit one from legally possessing or carrying a firearm. Young adults and concerned parents should discuss these legal boundaries to ensure compliance and avoid legal consequences.

Firearm Safety Training: A Critical Step

Firearm safety training is non-negotiable. Iowa law requires applicants for a Nonprofessional Permit to Carry Weapons to demonstrate knowledge of firearm safety through an approved course. Courses offered by organizations like the National Rifle Association (NRA), local law enforcement, community colleges, or certified instructors, cover safe handling, storage, and use of firearms. The NRA’s handgun safety courses, for example, emphasize the fundamentals of marksmanship, safe storage, and situational awareness, which are essential for responsible gun ownership.

Parents should encourage their young adult to seek training beyond the minimum requirements. The United States Concealed Carry Association (USCCA) is one source of comprehensive courses that include defensive shooting techniques and legal education. These programs help young adults understand not only how to handle a firearm but also when its use is legally justified. Training fosters confidence and responsibility, reducing the risk of accidents or misuse.

Understanding Iowa’s Weapons and Use-of-Force Laws

Iowa’s weapons laws are detailed in Chapter 724 of the Iowa Code and generally outline where and how firearms may be carried. Iowa law has very few places where possession or carrying of a firearm is prohibited, the principal one being on the property of any public or private school (pre-K to grade 12). Violation is a felony! Other places have prohibitions in Iowa’s Administrative Code, such as in a casino, on the grounds of a correctional facility, and at the Iowa State Fair (during the Fair). In the State Capitol and on the grounds of the Capitol Complex, visitors may be armed only with a concealed handgun. It is a violation of federal law to possess a firearm on nearly all federal property, including Post Offices and other federal buildings, and Army Corps of Engineers’ lakes, dams, locks and reservations.

Iowa is a permitless carry state, meaning any adult who can legally possess a firearm can carry a weapon openly or concealed without a permit, except that 18- to 20-year-olds may not carry a pistol or revolver until July 1, 2025. However, anyone who carries or transports a firearm of any sort, should obtain a Permit to Carry Weapons. That is because the federal Gun Free School Zones Act (GFSZA) makes it a felony to possess a firearm while on public property within 1,000’ of any school unless the gun is unloaded and in a locked container or vehicle rack. A Permit to Carry issued by the state in which the school is located provides a complete exception to the law. A PCW is thus inexpensive protection from the constant risk of committing a federal felony.

Every adult should have a general understanding of the laws governing use-of-force, but that is vitally important for anyone who keeps or carries a deadly weapon. Iowa’s use-of-force laws are contained in Iowa Code Chapter 704. Iowa’s law incorporates so-called “castle doctrine” and “stand your ground” provisions, meaning there’s no duty to retreat from a threat if a person is lawfully present and reasonably believes force is necessary to prevent imminent harm. However, the use of deadly force is tightly regulated, must be reasonable and proportionate to the threat, and should be used only as a last resort. Parents should help their young adult understand these laws to avoid tragic mistakes. Iowa Firearms Coalition (IFC) has a guide to these laws and other sources are available online.

Building and Maintaining Shooting Skills

Owning a firearm is a skill that requires regular practice. Encourage your young adult to visit local shooting ranges to hone their marksmanship and safe gun-handling skills. Many ranges in Iowa offer beginner-friendly environments and rental firearms, allowing your child to practice with different handguns before acquiring one. The NRA, USCCA and many other providers offer advanced training programs, such as tactical shooting or situational drills, which can build proficiency and confidence.

Regular practice not only improves accuracy but also reinforces safety habits. Parents can make range visits a bonding activity, modeling responsible behavior and discussing real-world scenarios. Websites like Ammoland.com, Bearing Arms.com and numerous video channels offer tips on developing and improving shooting skills, which can be valuable for young shooters.

A Thoughtful Graduation Gift

For parents: As your young adult navigates this new responsibility, consider gifting them a membership to the Iowa Firearms Coalition. IFC is a leading advocate for Second Amendment rights in Iowa and provides members with resources, legislative updates, and access to a community of responsible gun owners. A membership can help your child stay informed about their rights and connect with mentors who prioritize safety and education. It’s a practical and meaningful way to support their journey into responsible firearm ownership.

By guiding your 18- to 20-year-old through the legal, safety, and skill-building aspects of firearm ownership, you can help them exercise their rights responsibly while prioritizing safety and preparedness.

Finally, remember that until July 1, 2025, Iowa law prohibits persons under the age of 21 possessing a pistol or revolver except while under the direct supervision of their parent, guardian, or spouse who is over the age of 21, or while receiving instruction from an instructor over the age of 21 who has been approved by the parent, guardian, or spouse. Don’t jump the gun!

Again, thank you, Richard!

In Libertatem,

Michael Ware